Decoding Group Vocalizations: The Acoustic Energy Distribution of Chorus Howls Is Useful to Determine Wolf Reproduction

摘要: Population monitoring is crucial for wildlife management and conservation. In the last few decades, researchers have increasingly applied bioacoustics tools to obtain information on several essential ecological parameters, such as distribution abundance. One application involves wolves (Canis lupus). These canids respond simulated howls by emitting group vocalizations known chorus howls. responses reveal presence of wolf litters during breeding period are therefore often used determine status populations. However, acoustic structure complex discriminating pups in a sometimes difficult, even experienced observers. this study, we evaluate usefulness analyses energy identify chorus. We analysed 110 Iberian with pack composition found that concentrated at higher frequencies when there vocalizing. built predictive models using features chorus, concluding can be pack. The method outline here objective, accurate, easily implemented, independent observer's experience. advantages especially relevant case broad scale surveys or many observers involved. Furthermore, analysis implemented other social emit jackals coyotes, provides an easy way parameters reproductive success, could useful study vocalizations.