Smoking Initiation Among Mexican Heritage Youth and the Roles of Family Cohesion and Conflict.

摘要: Abstract Purpose High levels of family conflict increase the risk for early smoking initiation and escalation among adolescents, whereas high warmth cohesion in are protective against initiation. However, little is known about associations between changes function during adolescence on subsequent Mexican heritage adolescents. Methods In 2005–2006, 1,328 adolescents aged 11–14 years enrolled a cohort study to examine nongenetic genetic factors associated with cigarette experimentation. 2008–2009, 1,154 participants completed follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models were computed prospectively behavior assessed 2008–2009 both 2005–2006 controlling gender, age, linguistic acculturation, positive outcome expectations smoking, as well friends behavior. Results Overall 21% had tried cigarettes by 2008–2009. Consistently low (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–6.73) decreases (OR = 2.36; CI, 1.37–4.07), consistently 1.74; 1.08–2.79) increases 1.87; 1.19–2.94) independent youth. Conclusions Our findings suggest that protects adolescent smoking. Therefore, intervention programs parents could focus enhancing bonding closeness, which