Surface and Interface Characterization

摘要: While the bulk material properties treated in Part C of this handbook are obviously important, surface characteristics materials also great significance. They responsible for appearances and phenomena, they have a crucial influence on interactions with gases or fluids (in corrosion, example; Chap. 12), contacting solids (as friction wear; 13) biospecies (Chap. 14), materials–environment 15). Surface interface characterization been important topics very many years. Indeed, it was known antiquity that impurities could be detrimental to quality metals, keying contamination were adhesion architecture fine arts. In contemporary technologies, modification functional coatings frequently used tailor processing advanced materials. Some components, such as quantum-well devices x-ray mirrors, composed multilayers individual layer thicknesses low nanometer range. Quality assurance industrial processes, well development surface-modified coated requires chemical information surfaces (buried) interfaces high sensitivity lateral depth resolution. chapter we present methods applicable physical interfaces.