THE EVOLUTION OF THE FRENCH PUBLIC POLICY TO PROMOTE BIOTECH INNOVATION: THE CASE OF GENOMICS

摘要: European Biotechnology companies and public policy makers face to a number of crucial problems related the development in Europe : industrial competitiveness, relative under- exploitation science base , poor technology transfer mechanisms difficulties starting 'spin-off' firms. The aim this paper on innovation genomics biomedical biotechnologies is study impact different France compared action private non for profit sector. Public policies favour biotech have changed during last ten years from support research large firms SME's creation biotech. At same time, non-for organisations such as CEPH (Human Polymorphism Research Center) AFM (French Organisation Against Myopaty) create new dynamic by initiating path breaking scientific technical programmes. This space has been complementary policy, but only certain extend. By studying co-ordination between (non organisations, authorities, sector research, Biotech SMEs firms, especially sector), shows that existing contradiction tools encourage economic can explain few years. It also situation getting better two years, terms firms' creation.