Embryonic exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A and its metabolites, bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A dimethyl ether disrupts normal zebrafish (Danio rerio) development and matrix metalloproteinase expression

摘要: Abstract Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant that persistent in the environment and detected human serum breast milk. TBBPA microbiologically transformed anaerobic environments to bisphenol (BPA) aerobic dimethyl ether (TBBPA DME). Despite detection of DME environment, resulting toxicity not known. The relative TBBPA, BPA was determined using embryonic exposure zebrafish, with exhibiting lower potency than TBBPA. resulted 100% mortality at 3 (1.6 mg/L) 1.5 μM (0.8 mg/L), whereas did result significant comparison controls. While all three caused edema hemorrhage, only specifically decreased heart rate, trunk, tail malformations. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression measured due role these enzymes remodeling extracellular matrix during tissue morphogenesis, wound healing cell migration. MMP-2, -9 -13 increased (2–8-fold) after followed by an increase degradation collagen I gelatin. slight (less 2-fold) MMP significantly enzymatic activity. These data suggest more potent or indicate trunk phenotypes seen could be part alteration proper