Histopathologic Approaches to Detect Changes Indicative of Immunotoxicity

摘要: Toxicologic pathology is crucial in the identification and characterization of health effects following exposure to xenobiotics, mainly toxicity experiments rodents. Regarding regulatory toxicology, histopathology lymphoid organs tissues a cornerstone immunotoxic compounds. A 2-tier testing system usually employed which first tier general screen for (immuno)toxicity second consists specific immune function studies, including host resistance tests or mechanistic studies. The role attributed updated Organization Economic Cooperation Development Food Drug Administration guidelines requires improvement standardization procedures. Optimalization was started an international collaborative immunotoxicity study (ICICIS). However, several problems were left unaddressed, mostly because few compounds tested this study. Based on results ICICIS morphologic changes induced by immunotoxic/immunomodulatory observed other investigations, suggestions are given further improve (semi)quantification histopathologic tissues. Chemicals/CAS: Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotoxins