Seaweed protoplasts: status, biotechnological perspectives and needs

摘要: Protoplasts are living plant cells without cell walls which offer a unique uniform single system that facilitates several aspects of modern biotechnology, including genetic transformation and metabolic engineering. Extraction wall lytic enzymes from different phycophages microbial sources has greatly improved protoplast isolation their yield number anatomically more complex species brown red seaweeds earlier remained recalcitrant. Recently, recombinant were also produced evaluated with native ones for potential abilities in producing viable protoplasts Laminaria. Reliable procedures now available to isolate culture diverse groups seaweeds. To date, there 89 belonging 36 genera green, successful regeneration been reported. Of the total studied protoplasts, most belonged Rhodophyta 41 (13 genera) followed by Chlorophyta Phaeophyta 24 each 5 18 genera, respectively. Regeneration protoplast-to-plant is large species, extensive literature relating methods morphogenesis. In context manipulation, somatic hybridization fusion accomplished economically important various levels success. have used studying foreign gene expression Porphyra Ulva. Isolated exploited numerous miscellaneous studies involving membrane function, structure, bio-chemical synthesis etc. This article briefly reviews status developments seaweed research potentials improvement seaweeds, along needs must be fulfilled effective realization objectives envisaged research.