Intrathecal inflammatory masses: is the yearly opioid dose increase an early indicator?

摘要: Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between intrathecal drug, flow rate, drug concentration, and dose with formation inflammatory masses. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal 56 consecutive patients receiving long-term analgesic administration was undertaken through screening medical records. Data regarding per day, concentration drugs administered were recorded for morphine, diamorphine, bupivicaine, clonidine baclofen averages computed. Results: average follow-up time post-implant 91 ± 55 months (range: 9-209). Four diagnosed granuloma indicating a rate 7%, equivalent 0.009 events patient year. Twenty-one had received morphine either alone or combined; 22 diamorphine mixed; 13 crossed over from inverse. None before diagnosis. significant correlation found opioid (r = 0.275, p < 0.05), yearly increase 0.433, formation. Clonidine appeared have protective effect non-granuloma patients. No 0.056) 0.214). Conclusion: This first detailed showing an granulomas. supports previous finding being risk factor granulomas protective. In addition we that in could serve as indicator closer surveillance. © 2009 International Neuromodulation Society.