Pyrethroid-Degrading Microorganisms and Their Potential for the Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: A Review.

摘要: Pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control pests in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, public health and for indoor home use more than 20 years. Because pyrethroids were considered be a safer alternative organophosphate pesticides (OPs), their applications significantly increased when the of OPs was banned or limited. Although agricultural benefits, widespread continuous is major problem as they pollute terrestrial aquatic environments affect non-target organisms. Since are not degraded immediately after application because residues detected soils, there an urgent need remediate pyrethroid-polluted environments. Various remediation technologies developed this purpose; however, bioremediation, which involves bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation cost-effective eco-friendly approach, has emerged most advantageous method cleaning-up pesticide-contaminated soils. This review presents overview microorganisms that isolated from sites, characterized applied degradation liquid soil media. The paper focused on microbial commonly many years such allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate permethrin. Special attention given bacterial strains genera Achromobacter, Acidomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Catellibacterium, Clostridium, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Sphingobium, Streptomyces fungal Aspergillus, Candida, Cladosporium Trichoderma, by ability degrade various pyrethroids. Moreover, current knowledge pathways pyrethroids, enzymes involved cleavage pesticide molecules, factors/conditions influence survival introduced into rate removal also discussed. may useful optimize environmental conditions bioremediation crucial effective polluted