Insufficient natural killer cell responses against retroviruses: how to improve NK cell killing of retrovirus-infected cells.

摘要: Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and protect against cancers a variety of viruses including retroviruses by killing transformed or infected cells. They express activating inhibitory receptors on their cell surface often become activated after recognizing virus-infected have diverse antiviral effector functions like release cytotoxic granules, cytokine production antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The importance NK activity in retroviral infections became evident due discovery several viral strategies escape recognition elimination Mutational sequence polymorphisms as well modulation ligands are mechanisms human immunodeficiency virus-1 evade cell-mediated pressure. In Friend retrovirus mice virus can manipulate molecular factors that turn suppress response. this model lack cytokines for optimal activation be functionally suppressed regulatory T However, these pathways overcome therapeutically achieve full responses ultimately control dissemination infection. One effective approach is modulate crosstalk between dendritic cells, which produce cell-stimulating type I interferons (IFN), IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 upon sensing Therapeutic administration IFNα directly increases retrovirus-infected addition, IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes direct IL-2 been shown significantly improve infection vivo. review, we describe novel approaches infections. Immunotherapies target patients suffering from might promising treatment option future.