From Natural Resources to High-Tech Production: The Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness in Sweden and Finland

摘要: This paper analyzes the evolution of industrial competitiveness in Sweden and Finland a long-term perspective. The first part looks at foundations for take-off Sweden, with some focus on development institutions creation dissemination skills knowledge needed emerging sector. second examines Swedish forest industry until early 1990s, particular emphasis factors allowing to remain competitive more than one century. third final discusses emergence Nokia Ericsson as market leaders high-tech mobile telecommunications industry. Summarizing conclusions, we stress role efficient institutional solutions acquisition technology, well importance an outward oriented trade regime. experiences discussed report also suggest that public policy should provide appropriate framework facilitate sustainable use land, raw materials, other resources promote learning internationalization.