A decade of norovirus disease risk among older adults in upper-middle and high income countries: a systematic review

摘要: Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) causing both sporadic and outbreak-associated illness. Norovirus (NoV) infections occur across all ages but certain sub-groups considered at increased risk due to heightened transmission and/or symptom severity. Older adults potentially high NoV-associated illness frequent outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) severe health outcomes following infection. Elucidation NoV among older will support prevention, treatment control efforts. We conducted a systematic literature review summarize published estimates illness, hospitalization death individuals aged 65 years older. A structured search using defined (GE) terms was performed PubMed EMBASE databases human studies between January 1, 2003 May 16, 2013. identified 39 from income (HI) upper-middle (UMI) countries. Thirty-six percent publications provided based on laboratory-confirmed or epidemiologically-linked population-based surveillance data molecular diagnostic methods. Over study period, estimated annual rates extrapolated number cases HI UMI countries were: 29-120/10,000 1.2–4.8 million illnesses; 18–54/10,000 723,000–2.2 outpatient visits; 1–19/10,000 40,00–763,000 inpatient 0.04–0.32/10,000 2000–13,000 deaths. responsible for approximately 10–20 % GE hospitalizations 10–15 % all-cause deaths adults. experienced nosocomial infections. Those LTCFs experience range attack 3–45 %, case 0.5–6 % fatality 0.3–1.6 %. outcomes. were higher, more severe, resulted longer stays incurred greater costs than younger patients. mortality 200 % higher compared <5 years. The burden is expected rise along with societal aging need institutionalized care. prevention adults, including potential vaccination, may significantly impact