Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics - A review

摘要: As one quarter of global energy use serves the production materials, more efficient these materials presents a significant opportunity for mitigation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With renewed interest policy makers in circular economy, material efficiency (ME) strategies such as light-weighting and downsizing lifetime extension products, reuse recycling appropriate choice are being promoted. Yet, emissions savings from ME remain poorly understood, owing part to multitude uses diversity circumstances lack analytical effort. We have reviewed reductions applied buildings, cars, electronics. find that there can be systematic trade-off between vehicles, appliances their operation, requiring careful life cycle assessment strategies. largest potential emission quantified literature result intensive buildings reduced size vehicles. Replacing metals concrete with timber construction GHG benefits, but trade-offs limitations supply need recognized. Repair remanufacturing products also reductions, which been only on case-by-case basis difficult generalize. The recovery steel, aluminum, copper building demolition waste end-of-life vehicles already results base metals, achieves reductions. Higher collection rates, sorting efficiencies, alloy-specific preserve function alloying elements while avoiding contamination important steps further reduce