Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn?

摘要: Predation has been recognized as a major selective force in the evolution of behavioural characteristics mammals. As consequence local predator extinction, prey may lose knowledge about natural predators but usually express adjustments after return predators. Human harvest replace predation selection differ from that leading to change response prey. We show hunting success (HS) re-colonizing wolves (Canis lupus) on moose (Alces alces) Scandinavia was higher than reported North America, where have continuously exposed and grizzly bears. found no evidence expressed lowered HS territories had occupied by for up 21 years. Moose behaviour towards humans typically differs compared America. explain differences be caused variation pressure large carnivores rate, mode, human during twentieth century.