Ultrasound monitoring of structural urinary tract disease in Schistosoma haematobium infection

摘要: A major advance in our understanding of the natural history Schistosoma haematobium-related morbidity has come through introduction portable ultrasound machines for non-invasive examination kidneys and bladder. With use generators or battery packs to supply power non-clinical field settings, with instant photography miniaturized thermal printers record permanent images, it is possible examine scores individuals endemic communities every day. Broad-based screening allowed better definition age-specific disease risks urinary schistosomiasis. Results indicate that tract abnormalities are common (18% overall prevalence) S. haematobium transmission areas, a 2-4% risk either severe bladder abnormality advanced ureteral obstruction. In longitudinal surveys, studies have shown praziquantel metrifonate therapy rapidly effective reversing among children. The benefits treating adults less well known, but research progress should help define this issue. Similarly, prognosis specific findings needs be clarified, ease sonographic will make such long-term follow-up feasible. summary, painless, quick, reproducible become an essential tool study