The Emerging Role of MitomiRs in the Pathophysiology of Human Disease

摘要: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional control of gene expression a wide number genes. miRNAs align and bind especially to 3'UTR sequences their target genes initiate either mRNA degradation or translational repression, resulting reduced protein levels. now recognized as major players virtually every biological process. In recent years, the discovery has revolutionized traditional view our understanding miRNA biogenesis function thereby expanded. The mitochondrial-located raises issue molecular mechanism underlying translocation from nucleus mitochondria. Studies different species indicate that it may exist import pathways nucleus-encoded RNAs mitochondria, being most them largely ATP-dependent. Not only pre-miRNAs, but also mature miRNAs, present mitochondria; these findings have raised possibility mitochondrial synthesis. Some pre-miRNAs seem be processed giving origin which could immediately active on transcripts exported cytosol order interfere with genomic-derived mRNA. Thus, mitochondrial-processed likely contribute some regulation related functions. Coming location, currently named mitomiRs; refers those can localize whether transcribed nuclear or, potentially, genome. When genomics was analyzed, mitomiRs mapped genome at loci relevant functions diseases. Current computational analyses, using algorithms, drive scientists argue harbor for several mitomiRs. However, perhaps more challenging topic concerning is DNA sequences, indicating an involvement mitochondria small RNA-generating pathways. identification populations pushed field question its It established originated genome, where they exert by inhibiting genome-derived Actually known imported into interact molecules. More strikingly, come light (mtDNA) originate directly transcripts. links between deregulation human disease been reported almost all medicine fields. Currently, great efforts invested unlocking mechanisms act. This new investigation revealed tremendous potential diagnostic even valuable therapeutic tools. recently emerged key regulators metabolism. Metabolic syndrome systemic disorder includes spectrum abnormalities associated obesity type II diabetes. Defects function, namely oxidation fatty acids, linked diet-induced development insulin resistance adipose tissue skeletal muscle. Consistently, obese individuals compromised bioenergetic capacity. Therefore, increasing interest given role metabolic regulation, relevance purported actions, particularly acting mitochondria-related metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), electron transport chain (ETC) components, lipid disorders becoming comprehended, well contribution processes such dynamics apoptosis cancer.