Melanoma genotypes and phenotypes get personal

摘要: Traditionally, the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was terminal to most patients. However, advancements towards understanding fundamental etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment have raised forefront contemporary medicine. Indeed, evidence durable remissions are being heard ever more frequently in clinics around globe. Despite having gene mutations per cell than any other type cancer, investigators overcoming complex genomic landscapes, signaling pathways, immune checkpoints by generating novel technological methods clinical protocols with breath-taking speed. Significant progress deciphering molecular genetics, epigenetics, kinase-driven networks, metabolomics, immune-enhancing pathways achieve personalized positive outcomes has truly provided new hope for obstacles requiring breakthroughs include influence sunlight exposure on all too acquired drug resistance, complicating targeted therapy. Pathologists continue critically important roles advancing field, particularly area transitioning from microscope-based diagnostic reports pharmacogenomics through molecularly informed tumor boards. Although is no longer considered just 'one disease', pathologists will this rapidly progressing exciting journey identify subtypes, utilize tumorgraft or so-called patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, develop companion diagnostics keep pace bewildering occurring a regular basis. Exactly which combination drugs ultimately be required eradicate cells remains determined. it clear that who as dedicated pioneering pathologist Dr Sidney Farber committed childhood cancers, battle against continues. In review, we describe what sets apart tumors, demonstrate how lessons learned clinic transferred many types aggressive neoplasms.