Bovine Viral Diarrhea-an Emerging Disease in Camelids a Review
作者： Muhammad
关键词:
摘要: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an emerging disease in both New World Camelids (NWCs) and Old (OWCs). The virus has been isolated from NWCs particularly alpacas dromedaries, but there are no reports of BVD Bactrians. important infectious disease. Both sub-genotypes 1a, 1b genotype 2 have the ncp BVDV primarily implicated cases NWCs. A strain unique to camelids not yet isolated. In virtually all infections caused by non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV, Persistently infected crias also detected. Llamas demonstrate clinical signs such as ill thrift, diarrhea, respiratory ailments abortions. As bovines, identification elimination PI animals, highest priority avoid infection entire herd. was observed dromedaries interestingly, genotypes Pestivirus, BVDV-1 BVDV-2, were Egypt. isolates revealed a cytopathic effect (cpe) so far dromedaries. Also intrauterine death, stillbirth, weak calf syndrome with congenital deformities, neonatal disorders young dromedary calves acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis adult So far, described.
thescipub.com参考文章(34)
Rebecca Anne Picton, Serologic survey of llamas in Oregon for antibodies to viral diseases of livestock ,(1993)
D. Bedenice, E. Dubovi, C.L. Kelling, J.N. Henningson, C.L. Topliff, N. Parry, Long-term clinicopathological characteristics of alpacas naturally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type Ib. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ,vol. 25, pp. 605- 612 ,(2011) , 10.1111/J.1939-1676.2011.0719.X
R. S. Hedger, I. T. R. Barnett, D. F. Gray, Some virus diseases of domestic animals in the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Animal Health and Production. ,vol. 12, pp. 107- 114 ,(1980) , 10.1007/BF02242618
George M. Barrington, Ahmed Tibary, James F. Evermann, Steven M. Parish, Julia F. Ridpath, Stacey R. Byers, Daniel S. Bradway, Amanda L. Grimm, The effects of exposure of susceptible alpacas to alpacas persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne. ,vol. 52, pp. 263- 271 ,(2011)
M. Mudry, M. Meylan, G. Regula, A. Steiner, R. Zanoni, P. Zanolari, Epidemiological study of pestiviruses in South American camelids in Switzerland. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ,vol. 24, pp. 1218- 1223 ,(2010) , 10.1111/J.1939-1676.2010.0577.X
Sarel van Amstel, Melissa Kennedy, Bovine viral diarrhea infections in new world camelids—A review Small Ruminant Research. ,vol. 91, pp. 121- 126 ,(2010) , 10.1016/J.SMALLRUMRES.2010.03.018
Joe Brownlie, Ian Thompson, Andrew Curwen, Bovine virus diarrhoea virus ‐ strategic decisions for diagnosis and control In Practice. ,vol. 22, pp. 176- 187 ,(2000) , 10.1136/INPRACT.22.4.176
Stacey R. Byers, James F. Evermann, Daniel S. Bradway, Steven M. Parish, George M. Barrington, Evaluation of a commercial bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in nonpregnant female alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Vaccine. ,vol. 28, pp. 591- 593 ,(2010) , 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2009.10.026
Sung G. Kim, Renee R. Anderson, Jin Z. Yu, Nancy C. Zylich, Hailu Kinde, Suzanne Carman, Daniela Bedenice, Edward J. Dubovi, Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from BVDV infected alpacas in North America. Veterinary Microbiology. ,vol. 136, pp. 209- 216 ,(2009) , 10.1016/J.VETMIC.2008.10.029
Christina L. Topliff, David R. Smith, Sharon L. Clowser, David J. Steffen, Jamie N. Henningson, Bruce W. Brodersen, Daniela Bedenice, Robert J. Callan, Carlos Reggiardo, Kathy L. Kurth, Clayton L. Kelling, Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in alpacas in the United States. Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association. ,vol. 234, pp. 519- 529 ,(2009) , 10.2460/JAVMA.234.4.519