Machinery-induced soil compaction in thinning two pine stands in central Italy

摘要: Abstract Thinning is a crucial practice in forest management. There is, however, dearth of studies that focus on the effects thinning carried out by modern heavy machinery physical properties soil. We studied consequences two pine forests Central Italy. The “full tree system” (FTS) to convert whole biomass into chips was applied both cases, one case manual felling other using harvester. Different mass tractors were used bunch and bring trees landing. investigated behaviour soil terms bulk density, total porosity, aggregate stability, penetration shear resistances, which are good indicators quality. Results show dramatically changed properties, depending method employed fell move them along skid trails or logging area. In particular, resistance increased about 50% almost 40%, hence confirming care surveillance necessary during prevent reducing quality and, consequently, productivity.