Ecosystem services certification: Opportunities and constraints

摘要: A major challenge in trading ecosystem services is the need to quantify and commoditise services, for monitoring verification as well trade. This relatively straightforward goods such forest honey or shade-grown coffee, but potentially complex water purification, reducing risk from floods other disasters carbon sequestration. Developing certification systems one potential way define, verify these a that buyers can trust, this why of promoted by number environmental forestry NGOs. Certification useful concept, many practical theoretical obstacles must be addressed before it put into practice. paper review existing development with information designing implementing projects evaluate efficacy new systems. We discuss use more holistic concepts measuring management sustainability, which are date undeveloped untested, recommend developing pilot specifically designed address challenges inherent service certification.