Central nervous system.

摘要: Several different types of tumors, benign and malignant, have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS). The prognoses for these tumors are related to several factors, such as age patient location histology tumor. In adults, about half all CNS whereas pediatric patients, more than 75% malignant. For most that require treatment, neurosurgeons can offer curative resections or at least provide significant relief from mass effect. Unfortunately, we still lack effective treatments primary secondary malignant tumors. However, past decade has witnessed an explosion understanding early molecular events first time history, oncologists seeing a plethora new therapies targeting being tested clinical trials. There is hope on horizon fight against deadly distribution by remained constant numerous years. majority arise major cortical lobes. Twenty nine percent dural meninges encase structures. vast meningiomas, which over 90% benign. About 10% found sella turcica region, where pituitary gland resides. Other much less common sites include pineal ventricular system, cerebellum, brain stem, cranial nerves, spinal cord. seen slight increase decade, possibly due increased neuroimaging practices environmental exposures. Arising glial cells, gliomas represent 36% consist astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, mixed gliomas, neuroepithelial meningiomas make up 32% followed nerve sheath Primary lymphomas, embryonal craniopharyngiomas uncommon. typically classified World Health Organization (WHO) Grades I through IV. Grade IV, grade astrocytoma, includes glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), glioma represents 51% gliomas. GBM unfortunately challenging effectively treat worst survival. This chapter therefore primarily devoted current this topic. Here describe cellular associated with initiation progression. We also review importance stem cell biology tumor immunology gliomagenesis. addition, present brief description patients - medulloblastoma, well familial cancer syndromes part syndrome.