Antioncogenes and human cancer

摘要: The antioncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes, as negative regulators of cell division, stand in contrast to oncogenes. For most human cancers, the more frequently mutated genes are principal exception being leukemias and lymphomas. Persons heterozygous for germ-line mutations antioncogenes strongly predisposed one kinds cancer, dominantly inherited cancer is attributable such heterozygosity. Seven have been cloned through study these persons, several others mapped. An eighth was mapped investigation tumors not yet known hereditary form. Three forms antioncogenes. corresponding nonhereditary cancers generally reveal abnormalities same that found but may also show additional ones. Some especially embryonal children, a small number antioncogene mutations; some others, sarcomas, more, common carcinomas most, reflecting hierarchy controls over growth stem populations. Still members this gene category remain be families tumors. act at diverse points signal transduction pathway cells, from outer membranes sites transcription, cases oncogene expression.