作者: Zoe Clark
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摘要: A January born Charolais heifer calf was presented to the Leduc Veterinary Hospital on June 11, 2002, with a history of progressive weight loss and general unthriftiness. Initially, she large, healthy that had been selected as show animal. In period 3 wk 1 mo, lost become depressed. The owner noted seemed urinate frequently. still cow; seen her nursing but did not think there an increased frequency in suckling. this herd, heifers were vaccinated twice fall against bovine rhinotracheitis virus, viral diarrhea parainfluenza-3 respiratory syncytial Haemophilus somnus (Triangle 4; Ayerst Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario), cows received booster vaccinations spring. This heifer. No vaccines administered calf. On physical examination, thin, slightly weak, dull hair coat. She Her temperature (38.5°C) rate (36 breaths/min) within normal limits, heart elevated (120 beats/min; normal, 100 120 beats/min). approximately 6% dehydrated (based eye position skin tent) manure pasty. other abnormal findings examination. Results urinalysis except for ketones (16 mmol/L) glucose (56 mmol/L). only abnormalities complete blood cell (CBC) count packed volume (0.47 L/L; 0.26 0.44 L/L), low total protein (54 g/L; 70 85 g/L), segmented neutrophil (5.0 × 109/L; 0.6 4.0 109/L). On biochemical analysis, at (10.30 mmol/L; 3.11 4.89 abnormality phosphorus level (61 g/L, 62 80 g/L). At time, tentative diagnosis diabetes mellitus made owners contacted. decision euthanize animal perform necropsy. On 18, brought clinic be euthanized. weak. abdomen appeared quite empty. temperature, pulse, respiration 38.9°C, 60 beats/min, 20 breaths/min, respectively. Another (Table 1) panel 2) carried out. very high, which is consistent mellitus. Table 1. Table 2. On necropsy, calf's body condition poor. liver pale friable. pancreas smaller than normal. renal cortices both kidneys pale. noted. Samples pancreas, liver, kidney, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, spiral colon, mesenteric bronchial lymph nodes, pituitary, bladder, heart, lung all submitted buffered 10% formaldehyde histopathological examination Central Pathology Laboratory Edmonton. There moderate multifocal interstitial infiltration by lymphocytes, lesser number plasma cells, few mixed leukocytes pancreas. islets evident. There extensive hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolation, especially central lobularly liver. kidney vacuolation tubular epithelial cells. found any samples submitted. final lymphocytic pancreatitis, immunemediated secondary fatty change kidneys. The pancreatic sample later stained check diarrrhea virus (BVDV) result positive. review ranch's vaccination program revealed being BVDV infection until after they bred. recommendation ensure animals prior breeding. Diabetes has reported cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, bison; it relatively uncommon cattle. are several possible concurrent predisposing diseases or risk factors discussed literature, such fat cow syndrome, parturition chronic insulitis, well diseases, (1,2,3,4,5). Cases have various breeds cattle including Aberdeen Angus Jersey (6), Hereford (1), Holstein-Friesian (1,7,8), brangus (2), Japanese black, brown (3,4,9,10). Several studies performed tolerance tests measured fructosamine levels hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketonuria due decrease insulin production disappearance half time markedly longer control Fructosamine also diseased (3,9,11). Other causes hyperglycemia enterotoxemia, parturient paresis, foot mouth disease, botulism, septicemia, polioencephalomalacia, rabies (12). Diabetes often similar juvenile onset humans. humans, underlying autoimmune reaction b cells (3). genetic background humans suspected, establishment link (4). infected (3,4,5) disease (13). correlation between serotype occurrence (4). Viral may cause 2 different mechanisms: directly destroys immune response induce host lack results urine. Due metabolism storage, mobilization lipids from peripheral adipose tissue. Fatty acid synthesis impaired diabetic buildup ketone bodies, eventually leads acid-base balance impairment, ketoacidosis, dehydration, resulting collapse, coma, death (2). There presentations (1,5,8), most common loss, poor coat, glucosuria, hyperglycemia. test can examined confirm diagnosis. Treatment attempted, probably economically practically viable. It likely cases infection, BVDV.