Trophic overlap between wolves and free-ranging wolf × dog hybrids in the Apennine Mountains, Italy

摘要: Abstract Hybridization between wolves ( Canis lupus ) and domestic dogs familiaris can represent a threat to wild populations via genetic introgression ecological competition. Therefore understanding the role of hybrids may be crucial for developing appropriate conservation strategies. The Italian wolf population has peculiar composition due long-lasting geographic isolation. Nowadays, however, its integrity is threatened by spread canine genes as result hybridization with stray in wild. aim present study was gain insights into free-ranging wolf–dog investigating their winter food habits comparison mountain area Central Italy. Levels from were assessed two adjacent areas occupied up five different packs analyzing non-invasive samples carcasses collected therein set uniparental bi-parental molecular markers. obtained results enabled us classify ‘hybrid’ ‘wolf’ based on level introgression. Trophic niche similarity/dissimilarity analyses did not detect significant difference diet areas: both them, boar main prey, followed roe deer. Furthermore, same age/body mass classes ungulates selected hybrids. Our findings confirmed potential competitors wolves. Further studies other aspects biology ecology are recommended order better estimate impact natural populations.