Transplacental Transfer of Lead and Cadmium

摘要: The placenta provides the route of transfer both essential and nonessential metals from mother to fetus. It is now recognized that for many toxic adverse health effects occur at levels not previously thought be developing fetus newborn are particularly vulnerable. Emerging questions must addressed concern lowest exposure produce toxicity. Are there, in fact, thresholds such effects, or failure detect merely a reflection inability recognize subtle effects? longer term consequence, is, they reversible? And, finally, what some avenues intervention including nutrition?