Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism.

摘要: The failure of testicular descent or cryptorchidism is the most common defect in newborn boys. testes during development controlled by insulin-like 3 peptide and steroid hormones produced Leydig cells, as well various genetic developmental factors. While some cases association with abnormalities environmental causes has been shown, etiology remains uncertain. Cryptorchidism an established risk factor for infertility germ cell tumors (TGCT). Experimental animal models suggest a causative role abnormal position on disruption spermatogenesis however link between TGCT less clear. type cryptorchid seminoma, believed to be derived from pluripotent prenatal cells. Recent studies have shown that seminoma cells their precursor carcinoma situ express number spermatogonial stem (SSC) markers suggesting TGCTs might originate adult We review here data changes SSC somatic niche observed mouse human patients. propose misregulation growth factors' expression may alter balance self-renewal differentiation shift towards neoplastic transformation.