Real-time monitoring of extracellular adenosine using enzyme-linked microelectrode arrays.

摘要: Throughout the central nervous system extracellular adenosine serves important neuroprotective and neuromodulatory functions. However, current understanding of in vivo regulation effects is limited by spatial temporal resolution available measurement techniques. Here, we describe an enzyme-linked microelectrode array (MEA) with high (7500 µm(2)) (4 Hz) that can selectively measure through use self-referenced coating scheme accounts for interfering substances enzymatic breakdown products adenosine. In vitro, MEAs measured a linear fashion (r(2)=0.98±0.01, concentration range=0-15 µM, limit detection =0.96±0.5 µM). was 0.04±0.02 which permitted real-time monitoring basal rat cerebral cortex (4.3±1.5 Local cortical injection micropipette produced dose-dependent transient increases (200 nL: 6.8±1.8 µM; 400 19.4±5.3 µM) [P<0.001]. Lastly, local dipyridamole, inhibits transport equilibrative nucleoside transporter, raised 120% (5.6→12.3 These studies demonstrate on scales relevant to signaling normal pathologic states.