Industrial symbiosis in gladstone: A decade of progress and future development

摘要: Abstract Heavy industrial areas with large volume waste streams show great promise for applying the concept of symbiosis. This article examines symbiosis in Gladstone, one Australia's rapidly developing heavy areas. Along analysis area's progress over last decade and detailed description existing resource synergies, it also overviews Gladstone's future prospects, including identification potential synergies based on likely industries their streams, an estimation overall environment benefits from implementation these new synergies. Based estimates 2020 there is to be a growth environmental impacts Gladstone area, fourfold increase solid wastes, doubling fresh water consumption threefold carbon dioxide emissions. The synergy projects can significantly contribute improving efficiency covering 5% 40% emitted disposed streams.