Comparison of village dog and wolf genomes highlights the role of the neural crest in dog domestication.

摘要: Domesticated from gray wolves between 10 and 40 kya in Eurasia, dogs display a vast array of phenotypes that differ their ancestors, yet mirror other domesticated animal species, phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome. Here, we use signatures persisting dog genomes to identify genes pathways possibly altered by selective pressures domestication. Whole-genome SNP analyses 43 globally distributed village differentiated resulting rather than breed formation. We identified 246 candidate regions containing 10.8 Mb genome sequence 429 genes. The share haplotypes with ancient dogs, suggesting detected signals are not result recent selection. Gene enrichments highlight numerous linked neural crest central nervous system development well neurological function. Read depth analysis suggests copy number variation played minor role Our results act early embryogenesis can confer distinguishing wolves, such tameness, smaller jaws, floppy ears, diminished craniofacial targets selection during These differences reflect syndrome, which be explained alterations migration or activity cells development. propose initial was for behavior, trait influenced crest, secondarily gave rise modern dogs.