Gastric cancer: New genetic developments

摘要: Gastric cancer's (GC) incidence shows large geographic differences worldwide with the lowest rates occurring in most Western industrialized countries including United States and Kingdom; contrast, relatively high of GC occur Japan, Korea, China, South America, particularly Chile. The Lauren classification system classifies under two major histopathological variants: 1) an intestinal type 2) a diffuse type. is more common general population, likely to be sporadic related environmental factors such as diet, salted fish meat well smoked foods, cigarette smoking, alcohol use. It exhibits components glandular, solid, or architecture, tubular structures. On other hand, have primary genetic etiology, subset which, known hereditary gastric cancer (HDGC), due E-cadherin (CDH1) germline mutation. pathology characterized by poorly cohesive clusters cells which infiltrate wall, leading its widespread thickening rigidity linitis plastica. Helicobacter pylori infection associated risk for both varieties cancer. Germline truncating mutations CDH1 gene, codes protein, were initially identified three Maori families from New Zealand that predisposed GC. Since then, similar been described than 40 additional HDGC diverse ethnic backgrounds. noteworthy two-thirds reported date proved negative A number candidate genes through analysis molecular biology E-cadherin. Patients evidence mutation context family history must considered candidates prophylactic gastrectomy, given extreme difficulty early diagnosis exceedingly poor prognosis when there regional distant spread. Specifically, cytoplasmic tail interacts catenins, assembling cell-adhesion complex involved mediated cell:cell adhesion. Beta-catenin gamma-catenin compete same binding site on tail, directly linking adhesion cytoskeleton alpha-catenin. gene (CTNNB1) predominantly intestinal-type cancers CTNNB1 amplification overexpression recently mixed-type This paper reviews genetics types carcinoma, their differential diagnosis, genetics, pathology, and, known, mode transmission within families.