Natural selection on protein-coding genes in the human genome

摘要: Comparisons of DNA polymorphism within species to divergence between enables the discovery molecular adaptation in evolutionarily constrained genes as well differentiation weak from strong purifying selection. The extent which negative and positive darwinian selection have driven evolution different varies greatly, with some species, such Drosophila melanogaster, showing evidence pervasive selection, others, selfing weed Arabidopsis thaliana, an excess deleterious variation local populations. Here we contrast patterns coding sequence identified by direct sequencing 39 humans for over 11,000 chimpanzees, find that natural has shaped recent our species. Our analysis discovered 304 (9.0%) out 3,377 potentially informative loci rapid amino acid evolution. Furthermore, 813 (13.5%) 6,033 show a paucity differences indicating and/or balancing operating on mutations at these loci. We distribution negatively positively selected greatly among biological processes functions, classes, transcription factors, rapidly evolving genes, whereas cytoskeletal proteins, extensive yet little chimpanzees.