Building biological realism into wolf management policy: the development of the population approach in Europe

摘要: During the last few decades wolf management objectives have largely switched from state sponsored control to conservation. Following this change in status there has been a succession of changes policy approaches that sought balance ecological needs wolves with political structures govern our continent and challenges sharing landscapes face diverse conflicts rural interests. One most crucial is adapting administrative biological scales at which populations operate. Their low densities wide ranging movements result span many national international jurisdictions. We describe series steps adopted over years integrate idea managing biologically realistic scale into policies two major pan-European legislative frameworks, Bern Convention Habitats Directive. This resulted set guidelines, endorsed by both European Commission’s DG Environment Standing Committee, aim chart out future for conservation based on within their borders adopting coordinated, yet flexible pragmatic, polices.