作者: S. Lovari , A. Sforzi , C. Scala , R. Fico
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-7998.2006.00260.X
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摘要: Information on population parameters is rarely collected from carcasses. This method can be particularly useful – with limitations when protected species are involved (e.g. the grey wolf Canis lupus in Italy). Local data structure, reproduction, survivorship and causes of mortality necessary to build reliable conservation models assess state a predict its evolution. On other hand, ‘best guesses’ or ecologically different areas have often been used viability analysis conservation-oriented models. A sample 154 carcasses was found, analysed 1991 2001 central-eastern Italy, historic core distribution range. Collision vehicle main cause death both sexes; however, road kills may biased greater detectability, we treated our accordingly. Road were concentrated younger ( � 4 years old) age classes, whereas fully adult wolves died mainly because poaching, intraspecific strife pathologies. Cubs subadults (� 2 showed peak November/December, at beginning dispersal period, adults January/February (mating season). The structure appeared well balanced, although perinatal cub underestimated. sex ratio 1:1 classes 1:0.7 older classes. Only 20.7% females, 2–6 old, signs reproduction; placental scar embryo number varied one seven (mean, 4.4) per individual. Survivorship theoretical curves indicated fair survival cubs subadults, but steep decline as approached maximum life span (9 old). Our published food habits genetic features Italy suggest that, despite ongoing heavy human-induced losses, this predator has recovered last 30 brink extinction.