Cytonemes, Their Formation, Regulation, and Roles in Signaling and Communication in Tumorigenesis.

摘要: Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell–cell signaling development, patterning, differentiation, but also maintenance adult tissue homeostasis, regeneration, cancer. Brain tumor glioblastoma extend ultralong protrusions (named microtubes, TMs), which contribute to invasion, proliferation, radioresistance, progression. Here we review mechanisms underlying cytoneme formation, regulation, their roles cell communication epithelial other types. Furthermore, discuss recent discovery glial cytonemes Drosophila alter Wingless (Wg)/Frizzled (Fz) between glia neurons. Research on maintenance, will help better understand not only physiological developmental processes homeostasis cancer