On how much biodiversity is covered in Europe by national protected areas and by the Natura 2000 network: insights from terrestrial vertebrates.

摘要: The European Union has made extensive biodiversity conservation efforts with the Habitats and Birds Directives establishment of Natura 2000 network protected areas, one largest networks areas worldwide. We performed a gap analysis entire system plus national all terrestrial vertebrates (freshwater fish excluded). also evaluated level connectivity both systems, providing therefore first estimate functionality as an effective areas. Together covered more than one-third Union. National did not offer protection to 13 total species (i.e., by any area) or almost 300 partial whose representation target is met). left 1 121 unprotected. listed in were relatively well (especially birds), overall was improved considerably sites that act stepping stones between Overall, we found represents at continental important acts good complement existing However, number problems remain are mainly linked criteria used list Directives. Commission initiated 2014 process aimed assessing importance for conservation. Our results contribute this assessment suggest largely but would benefit from further updating lists field management.