THE ACOUSTIC STRUCTURE OF WOLF HOWLS IN SOME EASTERN TUSCANY (CENTRAL ITALY) FREE RANGING PACKS
作者： D. PASSILONGO , A. BUCCIANTI , F. DESSI-FULGHERI , A. GAZZOLA , M. ZACCARONI
DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2010.9753622
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摘要: ABSTRACT Italian wolf howls are described for the first time from observations between 2003–2008 of a population living in eastern Tuscany, central Italy. A sample 37 selected among single responses and 128 included choruses 7 free ranging packs was recorded analysed. The mean fundamental frequency ranged 274–908 Hz. Two main structures recognised by means multivariate explorative analysis, particular Principal Component Cluster Analysis, were ascribed to breaking flat howls. Discriminant Function Analysis applied groups with aim find general rule classification. Howls different features correctly assigned obtained analysis 95.8% cases. variables characterising structure suggests that maximum range most important parameters classification, while duration does not appear play...
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