Gastric cancer carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

摘要: BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes cancer-related deaths worldwide, even though a decline has been observed in its incidence and mortality rate recent decades. carcinogenesis is complex phenomena involving multiple epigenetic genetic factors; several genetic, environmental infectious agents interact causing cumulative effect early steps gastric carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most commonly used classifications GC are World Health Organization (WHO) Lauren which describes two main histological types, diffuse intestinal, have different clinicopathological characteristics. Diffuse occurs more young patients, can be multifocal, not often accompanied by intestinal metaplasia hereditary, E-cadherin alteration plays pivotal role. Intestinal type frequently older patients follows multifocal atrophic gastritis. This usually leads to via dysplasia, thus considered dependable morphological marker for risk. adenocarcinoma predominates high-risk areas whereas common low-risk areas. DISCUSSION Classically, instability Helicobater pylori (H. Pylori) infection identified GC. great majority GCs sporadic result from effects risk smoking, alcohol consumption dietary habits addressed as significant. H. Pylori proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms represent other features this compound process that development Other molecular pathway well described microsatellite (MSI) related with specific clinic-pathological features. CONCLUSION In review we focused on role infection, MSI alterations CDH1 (E-Cadherin) gene.